Updating . .
LAPD chief moves to fire Metro Division officer in gang ID scandal -- Los Angeles Police Chief Michel Moore is seeking to fire an officer in the department’s elite Metro Division accused of falsely portraying people as gang members after concluding that his actions were a serious violation of department policy. Richard Winton in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
In California’s presidential primary, confusion and conflict over ‘independent’ voters -- As election day approaches, social media posts warn of a nefarious plot to limit who can vote in California‘s Republican presidential primary. But the message is false: The only limit on participation is one imposed by the GOP‘s state and national leaders. John Myers in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
Trump administration moves against California on abortion coverage by health plans -- The Trump administration warned California on Friday that it must stop requiring health insurance plans in the state to provide abortion coverage or risk losing federal money. Noam N. Levey in the Los Angeles Times$ Dustin Gardiner in the San Francisco Chronicle$ John Woolfolk in the San Jose Mercury$ Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar Associated Press -- 1/24/20
‘Hundreds’ of military-style explosives discovered in Stockton home -- Bomb squad units from Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield were responding Friday to a house in Stockton, where authorities found hundreds of military-style explosives, prompting the evacuation of residents in about 20 nearby homes, officials said. Alejandro Serrano in the San Francisco Chronicle$ Cassie Dickman in the Stockton Record -- 1/24/20
Bay Area job market surges in December, making 2019 stronger than 2018 -- The Bay Area job market powered to strong gains to cap off 2019, and Santa Clara County was the region’s economic leader, according to a new state government survey released on Friday. George Avalos in the San Jose Mercury$ -- 1/24/20
SF says no thanks to free housing for homeless on vacant Tenderloin lot -- At the corner of Turk and Jones streets in the Tenderloin sits a tiny, underused, filthy parking lot. On a recent afternoon, a man missing half his left leg used his right foot to propel his wheelchair around the space, wielding a little red broom and dustpan to tidy it up. The owner of this derelict property? The city of San Francisco. Heather Knight in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
They worked after the Camp fire. Now these 30 trailers will go to homeless families in L.A. -- Many details remain unknown. But the trailers, offered as part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s latest initiative to address homelessness should arrive by Feb. 7, a spokeswoman for Supervisor Mark Ridley-Thomas said. Doug Smith in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
Car-free Market Street -- What you need to know now about the rebirth of SF’s main drag, sans private cars. Rachel Swan in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
Suburban homes with no parking? Utopian vision in the mix as East Bay city taps developer -- For nearly 50 years, retired Cal State University East Bay Professor Sherman Lewis has sustained a quixotic, one-man campaign to transform a defunct Hayward gravel quarry into a virtually car-free utopian village. J.K. Dineen in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
Environmentalists to California Restaurants: Drop Lawsuit Over Berkeley Gas Ban -- Environmental organizations are urging the board members of a major lobbying group for California restaurants to reconsider their support for a lawsuit against Berkeley over the city's ban on natural gas in new buildings. Ariana Remmel KQED -- 1/24/20
California legalized marijuana 2 years ago. So why is the state seizing so much of it? -- California voters made marijuana legal to purchase and consume, but that hasn’t stopped state and local law enforcement from seizing tons of it from black market growers and retailers. Andrew Sheeler in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
Boyarsky: Will the LA Mayor Get Emergency Powers to Build Homeless Housing? -- In a proposal likely to touch off a heated debate, Los Angeles City Councilman David Ryu has proposed giving Mayor Eric Garcetti emergency power to build housing for the homeless. Bill Boyarsky Fox & Hounds -- 1/24/20
Jennifer Siebel Newsom leans in to power as California’s first partner -- Like any experienced actress, Jennifer Siebel Newsom knew her laugh line and she landed the delivery. Hosting the annual California Hall of Fame ceremony on a December evening, Gov. Gavin Newsom’s wife delightedly took charge of the proceedings while her husband handed out the medals to a class of extraordinary Californians. Alexei Koseff in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
President Elizabeth Warren: Here’s what it would mean for California -- Sen. Elizabeth Warren is proposing dozens of policy plans in her presidential campaign that revolve around a premise: The rich and powerful have rigged a corrupt system in their favor, and the antidote is “big structural change.” Joe Garofoli in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
Can Elizabeth Warren beat Trump? Katie Porter points to her own Orange County win to make the case -- There’s no shortage of politicians flitting around Iowa these days, as pre-caucus politicking hits its peak. But Rep. Katie Porter wants to make one thing clear: She’s not like the others. Melanie Mason in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
‘I need to know what happened to my son’: Inmate dies weeks after beating in Sacramento jail -- After Antonio Lamar Thomas was attacked in his cell, allegedly by his cellmate, at the Sacramento County Main Jail on Dec. 10, 2019, he slipped into a coma for 42 days. While he remained unresponsive, his mother, father and family were constantly at his hospital bedside. Sam Stanton and Molly Sullivan in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
Couple plead guilty in massive Ponzi scheme, agree to give up cash, winery, island home -- A husband and wife team pleaded guilty in federal court Friday to charges they masterminded a Ponzi scheme that cost investors $1 billion and resulted in the largest forfeiture of assets in the history of the Sacramento-based Eastern District of California. Sam Stanton in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
KQED Political Breakdown -- San Francisco Mayor London Breed becomes the latest California mayor to endorse Michael Bloomberg in his bid for the Democratic presidential nomination, and the impeachment battle heats up in Washington. Then, California Supreme Court associate justice Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar joins to talk about what it was like making the switch from academia to the courts, crossing the U.S.-Mexico border as a kid with his grandmother to get McDonald's and what he thinks makes a good judge. Marisa Lagos, Scott Shafer KQED -- 1/24/20
California Policy & Politics This Morning
Lawsuit seeks billions in damages, halt to development on Treasure Island -- Dozens of current and former Treasure Island residents filed a class-action lawsuit Thursday saying that authorities lied for years about the extent of contamination there, exposing the residents and their families to radioactive substances and toxic chemicals. Jason Fagone, Cynthia Dizikes and Michael Cabanatuan in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
‘Right to housing’ bill dies mysteriously in California Capitol -- Assemblywoman Autumn Burke, D-Inglewood, said she was “1,000 percent” shocked that the Assembly Appropriations committee blocked it, and learned about its demise only after she walked into the hearing room to present the measure. Hannah Wiley in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
C-130 Hercules air tanker that crashed in Australia, killing 3 Americans, helped fight Kincade Fire -- In a statement, Coulson said the C-130 departed from Richmond, New South Wales, with a “load of fire retardant and was on a firebombing mission” at the time of the crash. On Thursday it also identified the three victims as Capt. Ian H. McBeth, 44, of Great Falls, Mont.; 1st Officer Paul Clyde Hudson, 42, of Buckeye, Ariz.; and flight engineer Rick DeMorgan Jr., 43, of Navarro, Fla. John King and Lauren Hernández in the San Francisco Chronicle$ Joseph Serna, Louis Sahagun in the Los Angeles Times$-- 1/24/20
California making new rules to fix cell phone failures by summer -- California regulators pledged this week to create new rules for a stronger communications network by the summer, determined to fix failures that left millions without phone or internet service as blackouts proliferated and wildfires burned last year. Mallory Moench in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
California bill would make utilities pay some blackout costs -- Californians left in the dark by electric companies that shut off their power to prevent wildfires could get paid for things such as lost wages or spoiled food under a bill that advanced Thursday in the Legislature. Adam Beam Associated Press -- 1/24/20
Confused about PG&E’s bankruptcy? Here’s what you need to know -- It’s been almost a year since Pacific Gas & Electric Co. filed for bankruptcy protection. And the clock is ticking for California’s largest utility to come up with a bankruptcy exit plan that will satisfy key groups with a stake in its reorganization — shareholders, bondholders, employees, retirees, state officials and victims of fires linked to its electrical equipment. John Woolfolk in the San Jose Mercury$ -- 1/24/20
Sen. Feinstein returns to Trump impeachment trial after early exit Wednesday -- Feinstein walked into the chamber a few minutes late, after the opening prayer and Pledge of Allegiance. She coughed and quickly exited for the Senate cloakroom, returning moments later as she stuffed tissues into her pocket. Dustin Gardiner in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
Number of new enrollees at Covered California surges past total from 2019 open enrollment -- Covered California reported Thursday that the number of new enrollees has surged to 318,000, surpassing the total number from last year, as open enrollment nears its close on Jan. 31. Still, leaders of the state-based insurance marketplace say a survey shows that many Californians are unaware that a new state law mandates that everyone have health care coverage. Cathie Anderson in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
Hate crimes in Los Angeles reach highest level since 2002, data show -- Reports of hate crimes rose in Los Angeles for the fifth straight year in 2019, increasing 10.3% over the year before and reaching their highest level since 2002, according to data released Wednesday. Alex Wigglesworth in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
New Issa ad calls attention to DeMaio’s sexuality, gets pushback from Republicans -- A new campaign ad from former Rep. Darrell Issa has drawn criticism from some of his Republican colleagues for highlighting the sexuality of his opponent Carl DeMaio. Charles T. Clark in the San Diego Union-Tribune$ -- 1/24/20
Doris Matsui, Sacramento’s representative, plans to marry -- The 75-year-old legislator, who took over the congressional seat of her late husband Bob Matsui when he died in 2005, said she didn’t expect to marry again. “Bob Matsui was a special man,” she said. So, when is the ceremony? “In May”, said Matsui, who was coy about the specific date. Marcos Bretón in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
Economy, Employers, Jobs, Unions, Pensions
23andMe lays off 14% of workforce amid slowdown in DNA testing market -- 23andMe, the Sunnyvale company that popularized direct-to-consumer DNA test kits, has laid off 100 employees — roughly 14% of its workforce — the company said Thursday. Catherine Ho in the San Francisco Chronicle$ Rex Crum in the San Jose Mercury$ -- 1/24/20
Tear-down of San Onofre nuclear plant to begin in February -- Work on the iconic containment domes, new rail spur are first on the list for the $4.4 billion project. Teri Sforza in the Orange County Register -- 1/24/20
Taxes, Fees, Rates, Tolls, Bonds
California Wants To Increase Vaping Taxes, But Experts Say There Could Be Unintended Consequences -- California Gov. Gavin Newsom has a new idea for addressing the youth vaping epidemic: a nicotine tax on electronic cigarettes. Sammy Caiola Capital Public Radio -- 1/24/20
Homeless
L.A. Mayor Garcetti foresees progress on homelessness via talks with HUD Secretary Ben Carson -- Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti said Thursday that he hopes to reach a preliminary agreement with the Trump administration on a joint plan to help combat the city’s swelling homelessness crisis when he meets with Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson on Friday. Noah Bierman, Benjamin Oreskes in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
Require homeless housing? Darrell Steinberg makes his pitch in D.C. -- Sacramento Mayor Darrell Steinberg Thursday brought his bid to make housing the homeless a government mandate to Washington, D.C. Thursday, explaining how funding the massive effort would work without offering a specific price tag. David Lightman in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
Woodland Hills artist’s tiny house, made for someone homeless, may end up in the trash -- Until a few days ago, Julien was bedding down for the night on concrete near the Ventura Freeway at Winnetka Avenue in Woodland Hills. Now he sleeps with some protection from elements and other danger thanks to artist Alex Gano, who pushed a powder blue micro-house on wheels over to his encampment on Saturday, Jan. 19. Yet the shelter is likely to be thrown in the garbage as quickly as it arrived to the street. Ariella Plachta in the Los Angeles Daily News$ -- 1/24/20
Housing
Is some housing better than none? SF project wins key OK after arguing for break on city’s demands -- A blighted lot once home to the Lucky Penny restaurant cleared a major hurdle Thursday toward a long-awaited transformation into 101 apartments in a neighborhood that has seen little new housing development in recent years. Dominic Fracassa in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
Rents jump in Oakland, drop in San Francisco -- Although it remains one of the nation’s most expensive markets, rents were down across the board in San Francisco. Studios ticked down a surprising 8.2 percent from 2018 to 2019 to around $3842. One-bedroom apartments came in 1.2 percent cheaper at about $4,063, and two-bedroom homes were 11.2 percent cheaper at about $5,478. Emily DeRuy in the East Bay Times -- 1/24/20
Education
Make up school time lost to climate disasters, fire country lawmaker says -- As climate-fueled natural disasters and power shutoffs have eroded the school year in an unprecedented swath of California, a lawmaker in wildfire country is proposing making up the lost instructional time for the most severely impacted students by funding “disaster relief” summer schools. Ricardo Cano Calmatters -- 1/24/20
Impact of teacher activism in California being felt in multiple but less visible ways, leaders say -- A year ago teachers in Los Angeles were celebrating the signing of a new agreement with their district after an outpouring of support from teachers around California and the larger public. Louis Freedberg EdSource -- 1/24/20
Cannabis
Need a legal pot shop in California? Grab your smartphone -- In another step to curb the state’s flourishing illegal pot market, California regulators proposed rules Thursday that would require legal shops to post a unique black-and-white code in storefront windows to help consumers identify licensed businesses. Shoppers could use their smartphones to scan the familiar, boxy label known as a QR code — similar to a bar code — to determine if a business is selling legal, tested cannabis products. Michael R. Blood Associated Press -- 1/24/20
Immigration / Border
Some see end to caravans as Mexican guardsmen stop migrants -- Where the first caravans were allowed to pass through Mexican territory and even given humanitarian aid or transportation by many communities and some officials, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s adminstration changed that beginning last year in response to steep trade tariffs threatened by Washington. Peter Orsi Associated Press -- 1/24/20
Families reunite after nearly two years apart: ‘Beginning of a whole other journey’ -- The boy rocked back and forth as he searched every face at the airport, trying to find his father. Byron Xol blended with dozens of others waiting at Los Angeles International Airport to greet their loved ones. But then a man behind Byron asked how long it’d been since the 9-year-old had seen his dad. Brittny Mejia in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
Groundbreaking held for new immigrant training center in Tijuana -- Construction started Wednesday for what will become the Scalabrini Immigrant Training Center to provide free classes for immigrants in Tijuana. The project seeks to promote integration into society and make it easier for immigrants to reach their work, personal and family goals. Alexandra Mendoza in the San Diego Union-Tribune$ -- 1/24/20
Health
Patients tested in Alameda County for coronavirus -- A number of patients have been recently tested in Alameda County for signs of possible exposure to a deadly virus that has spread quickly from China to other parts of the world. Alameda County health department spokeswoman Neetu Balram said Thursday that there are no confirmed cases yet among the patients, who presented to care providers with signs such as high fever or a cough. George Kelly, Jason Green in the San Jose Mercury$ -- 1/24/20
Here’s the $55 million play 18 insurers are making to fight price gouging on generic drugs -- Blue Shield of California and 17 other insurers announced Thursday that they would be putting $55 million behind a nonprofit that they believe can end the shortages and price gouging in the generic drug market. Cathie Anderson in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
Environment
Slim hope for monarch butterflies: Population holds steady this season -- The feared fatal decline of western monarch butterflies in California paused at the precipice this winter, when almost the same number as last year showed up along the coast, giving biologists a granule of hope that the colorful insects can be saved. Peter Fimrite in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
Also . . .
After prank gone wrong, Corona man charged with murder in deaths of 3 teens -- Anurag Chandra of Corona was charged with three counts of murder and three counts of attempted murder after authorities said he intentionally rammed into a 2002 Toyota Prius and forced it off the road. In addition, the Riverside County district attorney’s office filed a special circumstance allegation of multiple murders. Priscella Vega in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/24/20
California could limit ‘flushable’ wipes tied to sewer clogs -- Wet wipes, those single-use wet tissues for babies and adults wanting something more than just toilet paper, are the scourge of sewer systems nationwide, according to several cities challenging claims that the products are safe to flush. Cuneyt Dil Associated Press -- 1/24/20
Court says man hit with a stun gun may sue deputy who shot him -- A Sonoma County man may sue a sheriff’s deputy for shooting him in the chest with a Taser as he lay in bed calling a lawyer on his cell phone after an argument with his wife, a federal appeals court ruled Thursday. Bob Egelko in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/24/20
Death penalty sought against suspect in Sacramento Officer Tara O’Sullivan slaying -- Prosecutors announced Thursday that they intend to seek the death penalty for Adel Sambrano Ramos, the man accused of ambushing and killing Sacramento police Officer Tara O’Sullivan last June in a north Sacramento neighborhood. Sam Stanton in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/24/20
Beltway
Democrats detail abuse-of-power charge against Trump as Republicans complain of repetitive arguments -- House impeachment managers laid out the heart of their abuse-of-power case against President Trump on Thursday — charging that his efforts to pressure Ukraine into political investigations were precisely what the nation’s founders wanted to guard against when they empowered Congress to remove a president from office. Seung Min Kim, John Wagner and Karoun Demirjian in the Washington Post$ -- 1/24/20
Schiff ends the day with a fiery push for Trump’s removal -- Representative Adam B. Schiff of California, the lead impeachment manager, stepped back to the Senate lectern around 10 p.m. Eastern to deliver one final argument for the day. It turned out to be a stemwinder, jolting the sleepy Senate to attention as Mr. Schiff argued more explicitly than ever before for President Trump’s removal from office. Nicholas Fandos in the New York Times$ -- 1/24/20
Now Testifying for the Prosecution: President Trump -- Barred at this point from presenting live testimony, the managers have offered up the president as the most damning witness against himself, turning his own words against him by quoting from his public remarks, citing accounts of private discussions and showing video clips of him making audacious statements that the House team argues validate its case. Peter Baker in the New York Times$ -- 1/24/20
Kamala Harris Is Said to Be Weighing an Endorsement of Joe Biden -- The move, which would be unlikely to happen until after the Senate impeachment trial, could enhance her chances of becoming vice president but could also anger liberals in California. Jonathan Martin in the New York Times$ -- 1/24/20
-- Thursday Updates
10-year-old shot in drive-by outside California school -- A 10-year-old student was shot by a stray bullet in a drive-by shooting outside a Southern California elementary school, authorities said Thursday. Oxnard police said on Twitter the child was struck during a car-to-car shooting outside McAuliffe Elementary School in the coastal city. Associated Press -- 1/23/20
Firefighters who died in Australia were on California tanker -- California’s governor says the three American flight crew members who died when their aerial water tanker crashed while battling wildfires in southeastern Australia were part of a crew on a California-based tanker. Gov. Gavin Newsom in a statement on Thursday did not identify the crew members but called them heroes. Associated Press -- 1/23/20
California will be hit hard as Trump administration weakens clean water protections -- Defying environmentalists and public health advocates, the Trump administration on Thursday will announce the replacement of Obama-era water protections with a significantly weaker set of regulations that lifts limits on how much pollution can be dumped into small streams and wetlands. Anna M. Phillips in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
Newsom pledged to fix California water politics. Now he’s bogged down in the delta -- Soon after taking office last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom pledged to break through the “status quo” of California water politics, plagued by decades of litigation and impasse. Bettina Boxall in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
You’ve just been named California’s homelessness czar — what’s your first move? -- Options for addressing the state's most pressing social problem range, at best, from limited to imperfect. What would you choose? Matt Levin Calmatters -- 1/23/20
California bill would make utilities pay some blackout costs -- Californians left in the dark by electric companies that shut off their power to prevent wildfires could get paid for things such as lost wages or spoiled food under a bill being considered in the Legislature. Adam Beam Associated Press -- 1/23/20
PG&E Makes Peace With Bondholders, Strife With Gov. Newsom Continues -- PG&E Corp. has reached an accord with bondholders that smooths its path out of bankruptcy, but it has yet to win over California Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has threatened a state takeover of the embattled utility. Peg Brickley in the Wall Street Journal$ -- 1/23/20
Amid fears over coronavirus outbreak, LAX passenger taken to hospital for evaluation -- A traveler who arrived at Los Angeles International Airport on a flight from Mexico City was taken to a hospital early Thursday for an evaluation amid growing concerns over the spread of the deadly coronavirus. The passenger, who was not identified, arrived at the airport on American Airlines Flight 2546 shortly before 6:40 p.m. Wednesday. Hannah Fry, Emily Baumgaertner in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
The number of Californians represented by unions grows as national labor organizing stagnates -- The number of Californians represented by unions rose by 139,000 last year in the wake of successful organizing campaigns across occupations as varied as nurses, electricians, animation artists, scooter mechanics and university researchers. Margot Roosevelt in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
Adam Schiff’s role in Trump impeachment trial draws usual fire, but also unlikely praise -- House prosecutors began their second day of arguments in the Senate impeachment trial of President Trump on Thursday, as lead manager Rep. Adam B. Schiff drew some unexpected praise from Republicans for his steady performance so far during the hours-long, often tedious presentations. Sarah D. Wire, Chris Megerian in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
Even From Half a World Away, Pelosi Keeps a Tight Grip on Impeachment -- Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s motorcade was winding through Jerusalem on Wednesday, en route to a state dinner hosted by the president of Israel, when she placed perhaps the most important call of her day — to Representative Adam B. Schiff, the man leading the charge to remove President Trump from office. Nicholas Fandos in the New York Times$ -- 1/23/20
San Francisco Mayor London Breed endorses Mike Bloomberg for president -- San Francisco Mayor London Breed endorsed Mike Bloomberg for the Democratic presidential nomination, boosting the billionaire’s chances in a delegate-rich state where he got off to a late start but is now spending millions to try to win. Joe Garofoli in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/23/20
Jerry Brown urges America to ‘wake up’ as Doomsday Clock moves closer to midnight -- The former governor was one of several dignitaries and officials on-hand Thursday morning for the unveiling of the clock; other notable names present included former United Nations Secretary Ban Ki-moon and former president of Ireland Mary Robinson. Andrew Sheeler in the Sacramento Bee$ -- 1/23/20
S.F. cops spending thousands of hours on hospital watch instead of out on streets -- In 2019, San Francisco police officers spent almost 24,000 hours doing something other than run-of-the-mill police work. Dominic Fracassa in the San Francisco Chronicle$ -- 1/23/20
Man traded fentanyl and heroin for grenades and machine guns, federal officials say -- A U.S. citizen living in Tijuana has been indicted on charges of trading drugs for weapons, including machine guns and grenade launchers, which he intended to provide to Mexican gangs, federal authorities said this week. Priscella Vega in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
Southern California home prices and sales surged in December -- Southern California home prices in December rose by the most in 19 months, the latest sign that the housing market is gaining steam after a prolonged slowdown. Andrew Khouri in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
Owning their pasts, students look to a future in homelessness services -- Lying in bed at night, Earl Williams wondered what his future would be. From his top bunk, No. 133A, in the men’s shelter on 38th Street in South Los Angeles, he stared up at the white rafters. With the world out of sight, anything seemed possible — until his fears kicked in. Thomas Curwen in the Los Angeles Times$ -- 1/23/20
Fox: Justice ignored is justice denied -- Now it’s Los Angeles’s turn to engage in the debate over justice reform as national attention is focused on the L. A. County district attorney’s race. Will L.A. voters keep the hard-line progressive social justice reform train rolling or stop it in its tracks? Joel Fox Fox & Hounds -- 1/23/20